Foreign Policy of Pakistan
Abstract
Foreign policy of a state is shaped by three critical elements, its geography, history, and orientations of leadership and institutions that manage its foreign relations. In Pakistani case, like in most states, Ministry of Foreign A ffairs has acted in concert with the civil and military leadership in the formulation of foreign policy. Here, it is pertinent to note, as I will illustrate in the following pages that the undercurrents of Domestic politics do impact the foreign policy orientation of a state and Pakistani case is no different. Thus, a brief overview of interplay of these factors in the evolution and development of Pakistan’s foreign policy is provided.
W ith the intensification o f China-US strategic com petition and the prospects of
loom ing New Cold War, the geo-econom ic and strategic significance
o f Pakistan is gaining a new ground. The N ew Cold w ar is pushing
Iran to consolidate and strengthen strategic partnership with China. The
recent China-lran Deal is a manifestation o f that, while Pakistan has to
tread carefully in maintaining a delicately balanced relationship with
the US and China. For China, the Gwadar Port (Pakistan) accompanied
by Chabhar (Iran) open up unprecedented opportunities for entry into
Persian Gulf and the Arabian Sea. Under these fluid and precipitously
changing regional dynamics and great power competition, the critical
question is; how will Pakistan charter the future direction of its foreign
policy? In the coming decade, as the regional tensions mount and
rivalry among global pow ers to dom inate the Indo-Pacific Ocean
region intensifies, it is ominous that whichever power reigns over
the Persian Gulf will control not only the Arabian Sea but also
dom inate the Indian Ocean.
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