Technology: Causing Chaos or Changing the World Order?

Technology has always shaped human civilisation, but in the 21st century,

especially with the rise of Artificial Intelligence (AI), its transformative capacity

has become systemic, global, and unpredictable. This paper advances three

interlinked arguments.

First, technology, inclusive of AI, is transforming societies and reshaping the

world order, particularly within the U.S.-China rivalry.

Second, the relationship between innovation, ideas, and war is complex; modern

wars evolve through technological revolutions and, in turn, accelerate them.

Third, while technology has deepened global interdependence, it has also

intensified exclusion, producing contradictory trends. Leaders like Elon Musk,

Sam Altman, and Mark Zuckerberg are driving innovation that transcends

borders, yet political figures such as Donald Trump have reframed AI and

technology supremacy as existential issues of national survival, disrupting the

logic of interdependence.

Let me state this up front: the contemporary world is dynamic, interconnected,

and perpetually under turbulence. To navigate this transformation, we must

understand both the forces of disruption and the opportunities for governance

that accompany them.

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